Description
A Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) study is conducted through a systematic and structured process. The first step is to clearly define the scope of the study, including the specific plant section, system, or process to be analyzed, along with the objectives—such as identifying potential hazards and operational issues. Once the scope is set, a multidisciplinary team is formed. This team typically includes process engineers, operators, safety specialists, instrumentation experts, and a trained HAZOP facilitator who guides the sessions and ensures the methodology is properly followed.
After forming the team, all relevant information and documentation must be collected and reviewed. This includes Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs), Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs), operating procedures, and any relevant design or safety information. The process is then divided into smaller, manageable sections known as nodes—each representing a point where specific parameters (like flow, temperature, or pressure) are consistent and can be individually analyzed.
Within each node, the team applies standard HAZOP guide words such as “more,” “less,” “no,” “reverse,” and others to key parameters to identify possible deviations from the intended operation. Each deviation is evaluated for its causes, consequences, existing safeguards, and the need for further recommendations. The results are documented systematically, and actionable recommendations are made to reduce risks and enhance operability. This structured approach ensures that potential hazards are thoroughly identified and addressed before they lead to incidents.